Abbey of Notre-Dame de Celles

Abbaye de Celles / Celesium / Cellam / Cella S Mariae

(Celles-sur-Belle, Deux-Sèvres)

Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles

Thanks to a donation made in the year 1010 by Duke William of Aquitaine (c. 969–1030), the site of Celles came under the authority of the abbey of Saint-Maixent (Deux-Sèvres), located to the north. It is believed that during this period, while under the control of Saint-Maixent, a priory was already established there, likely founded in the first half of the 11th century, although its development was limited by its subordination to the powerful mother house.

Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles

At the end of that same century, the site was occupied by Augustinian canons from the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Lesterps (Charente).. It quickly became a place of pilgrimage, thanks to the devotion shown to a miraculous image of the Virgin Mary. Around 1137–1140, the priory was raised to the rank of abbey, and soon entered a period of prosperity due to the reputation of the image and its strategic location on one of the routes of the Way of Saint James to Compostela. This also allowed it to host distinguished guests, including royalty. In the mid-12th century, the bishop of Poitiers, Gilbert de La Porrée, formally detached it from Lesterps.

This period of growth was brought to a halt by the effects of the Hundred Years’ War. In the second half of the 15th century, records attest to reconstruction work on the church and cloister. In 1568, during the Wars of Religion, the town of Celles was occupied by Calvinists and the abbey suffered heavy destruction. It was also during this time that commendatory abbots began to govern the house. In 1651, the community joined the Congregation of Sainte-Geneviève and promoted the rebuilding of the church, which had remained in ruins for nearly a century, along with the other monastic buildings. The abbey remained active until 1791, when it was abandoned by the canons following the Revolution.

Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Romanesque portal
Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Portal from inside the church

In 1801, worship was restored and the church became a parish, while the monastery passed into private hands, a situation that lasted until 1971, when it became publicly owned. The abbey church, rebuilt in the 17th century after the damage inflicted during the Wars of Religion, is still preserved. It is a three-aisled structure with transept and lateral chapels, built in the style of a Gothic church despite its later date. From the medieval period, the bell tower above the entrance porch survives, featuring a polylobed Romanesque doorway. On the eastern side stands a large building that once housed the 17th-century monastic quarters.

Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Portal capitals
Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Portal capitals
Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Image of Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Notre-Dame de Celles
Illustration from Monumens religieux, militaires et civils du Poitou (1843)

Bibliography:
  • ARNAULD, Charles (1843). Deux-Sèvres. Première série : monumens religieux, militaires et civils du Poitou. Niort: Robin
  • BAUDRILLART, Alfred (1953). Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques. Vol. 12. París: Letouzey et Ané
  • BEAUNIER, Dom (1910). Abbayes et prieurés de l'ancienne France. Vol. 3: Auch, Bordeaux. Abbaye de Ligugé
  • BOUVART, Patrick (2011). Celles-sur-Belle (Deux-Sèvres). Abbaye de Celles-sur-Belle. Archéologie médiévale. Núm., 41
  • CAUDE, Élisabeth (2004). Une reconstruction gothique au coeur de l’àge classique. L’abbatiale de Celles-dur-Belle. Congrès archéologique de France, 159e session, 2001, Deux-Sèvres. Société française d’archéologie
  • JEANNEAU, François (2004). Les bâtiments abbatiaux de Celles-sur-Belle. Congrès archéologique de France, 159e session, 2001, Deux-Sèvres. Société française d’archéologiev
  • LARGEAULT, Alfred (1900). Notre-Dame de Celles (Deux-Sèvres) son abbaye, son pèlerinage. Parthenay: Cante
  • LÉVRIER, Gabriel (1865). Historique de l'abbaye de Celles. Niort: Th. Mercier
  • RICHARD, Alfred (1886). Chartes et documents pour servir a l’histoire de l’abbaye de Saint-Maixent. Archives Historiques du Poitou. Vol. XVI-XVIII. Poitiers
  • SAINT-MAUR, Congregació de (1720). Gallia Christiana in provincias ecclesiasticas distributa. Vol. 2. París: Typographia Regia

Location:
Vista aèria

Celles-sur-Belle and its abbey lie to the east of Niort